Auto Suspension Rear Wheels systems
The Problems of Auto Extra Weight
In most cars, the rear suspension has to carry the greater part of the extra weight of passengers and luggage. If the suspension springs are stiff enough only for the car with driver, they will be too soft for the car when it is fully laden. Conversely, springs that are right for the laden car will be too stiff with only the driver to carry.
Designers solve this problem in a variety of ways. In fact, the variety of rear suspension systems is greater than that of front suspension. Most designs use coil springs, but others use leaf springs, torsion bars, rubber, air or compressed gas.
Auto Rear suspension, front-Wheel Drive
Front-wheel drive cars carry only 35-40 percent of the car’s mass on the rear wheels when unladen. Most such cars have independent rear suspension of either the trailing arm or three-link type. The alternative is a beam axle (sometimes called `dead’ axle).
Some trailing arm designs incorporate a torsion beam or anti-roll bar in the mounting, others have a separate anti-roll bar.
Auto Live axles
When the right-angle drive, differential, axle shafts and wheel-hub mountings are combined in one rigid unit, this unit is known as a live axle.
The live axle is connected to the propeller shaft and is attached to the vehicle structure in such a way that it can move up and down on its springs and can cope with the loads and the torque, or turning forces, imposed on it.
The rear suspension should be designed also to position the axle in a way that minimises the bouncing and associated vibrations to which it is liable, particularly when moving off, braking and cornering.
Dampers, which suppress bouncing of the springs, are mostly hydraulic, and the telescopic type is favoured in preference to the piston type widely used earlier.
Auto Hotchkiss Drive
The simplest design that combines springing and positioning, or locating, of the rear axle is known as the Hotchkiss drive. In this, a pair of leaf springs are set as far apart on the axle as possible.
The axle may be carried exactly in the middle of the springs, but many axles are set forward from the middle to give a downward tilt as the axle rises when riding over bumps. This reduces the amount by which the rear end of the propeller shaft lifts on a bump and, in turn, minimises the height of the propeller-shaft tunnel and the amount it intrudes into the car.
To reduce variations in axle tilt under different driving conditions, some rear suspensions have fore-and-aft torque- control links (that is, links controlling forward-and-backward twisting movement), to supplement the leaf springs.
Independent Designs
The advantage of independent rear suspension is the saving in unsprung mass, which should give better ride and handling.
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