Auto Windscreen Wipers and Washers
The importance of clear vision
One of the best contributions to road safety a car manufacturer can make is to give the driver clear vision in all directions, with as little obstruction as possible. Two factors determine the quality of vision from a car: the basic design of the vehicle, and the efficiency of its accessories.
The safety conscious designer ensures that the driver can sit high enough to have a good view of the road; that the windscreen is not so shallow as to impede vision on hilly roads; that screen, door and quarter- light pillars are thin enough not to cause dangerous blind spots; and that, if possible, the driver can see all four corners of the car, for parking and driving in dense traffic.
Rain or road dirt on the windscreen reduces forward vision. To cope with this, windscreen wipers are required by law to be fitted to all cars.
Wipers vary in their effectiveness, usually on account of the pattern swept by the blades. This in turn depends on the position of the arm pivots. With the customary two-arm installation, it is impossible to provide a layout that clears both sides of the screen equally well, so designers concentrate the larger wiped area in front of the driver. If a manufacturer is producing right and left-hand-drive models of a car, he should provide alternative pivot points for the wiper arms; some do not, because of the cost. As cars have become lower and their windscreens more sloping, more road dirt finds its way on to the glass. Screen washers are essential to remove this dirt, and are commonly fitted to all new cars. Most windscreen washers are operated by an electric pump.
Rear vision is provided by a mirror, or mirrors. Both internal and external mirrors are required when towing a caravan in South Africa.
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